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The 2.4G2 monoclonal antibody reacts specifically with mouse CD16 (FcγRIII) and CD32 (FcγRII). It has also been reported to react non-specifically via its Fc domain to FcγRI. CD16 and CD32 are expressed on B cells, monocytes/macrophages, NK cells, granulocytes, mast cells, and dendritic cells. These receptors bind to the Fc portion of antibody-antigen complexes and play a role in adaptive immune responses. The 2.4G2 antibody is commonly used in flow cytometry staining experiments to prevent non-specific binding of IgG to the FcγIII and FcγII, and possibly FcγI, receptors prior to staining with antigen specific primary antibodies. The Fab fragments of the 2.4G2 antibody have also been used to block Fc receptors in vivo.

The MB20-11 monoclonal antibody reacts with mouse CD20. CD20 is a B cell-specific 33-37 kDa transmembrane protein which is also known as B-lymphocyte antigen, B1, and Bp35. CD20 plays roles in intracellular calcium regulation and B cell activation and is critical for an optimal B cell immune response against T-independent antigens. CD20 is first expressed after the induction of CD19 together with IgM during the pre-B to immature B cell transition in the bone marrow. It’s expression then increases during maturation with almost all mature B cells expressing some level of CD20. However, CD20 is not expressed by plasma blasts or plasma cells. CD20 is expressed by most B cell neoplasms and is useful in diagnosing B cell lymphomas and leukemia. Many anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies are currently being used to successfully treat leukemia, lymphomas, and various autoimmune diseases. A single injection of the MB20-11 antibody has been reported to deplete circulating B cells in mice within 1 hour of treatment, with a durable effect for 57 days before B cells begin to repopulate in the blood and spleen.

The LTF-2 monoclonal antibody reacts with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). Because KLH is not expressed by mammals this antibody is ideal for use as an isotype-matched control for rat IgG2b antibodies in most in vivo and in vitro applications.

The HRPN monoclonal antibody reacts with horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Because HRP is not expressed by mammals this antibody is ideal for use as an isotype-matched control for rat IgG1 antibodies in most in vivo and in vitro applications. This antibody can interfere with HRP detection based assays. If using downstream HRP based assays to analyze samples derived from treated animals, please consider using our alternative rat IgG1 isotype control antibody BP0290.

The MPC-11 monoclonal antibody is ideal for use as a non-reactive isotype-matched control for mouse IgG2b antibodies in most in vivo and in vitro applications.

The 2A3 monoclonal antibody reacts with trinitrophenol. Because trinitrophenol is not expressed by mammals this antibody is ideal for use as an isotype-matched control for rat IgG2a antibodies in most in vivo and in vitro applications.

Flt-3L (FMS-related Tyrosine Kinase 3 Ligand) is an endogenous protein that functions as a cytokine and growth factor. Flt-3L is crucial for the development of conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). Recombinant Flt-3L-Ig is a fusion protein consisting of human Flt-3L fused to the Fc portion of human IgG1. This fusion protein is useful for activating Flt3 signaling and inducing the expansion of DC populations. Human Flt-3L-Ig is frequently reported to stimulate Flt3 signaling in vivo in mice.

The AFS98 monoclonal antibody reacts with mouse colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R), also known as macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor (M-CSFR), and CD115. CSF1R is a single-pass type I membrane protein and member of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor family. In mice CSF1R is expressed by monocytes/macrophages, peritoneal exudate cells, plasmacytoid and conventional dendritic cells, and osteoclasts. CSF1R is a receptor for CSF1 and CSF1 signaling through CSF1R regulates the proliferation and differentiation of cells in the monocytic lineage. The AFS98 antibody has been reported to deplete macrophages and block CSFR1 in vivo.

The 145-2C11 monoclonal antibody reacts with mouse CD3ε, a 20 kDa transmembrane cell-surface protein that belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. CD3ε is one of five polypeptide chains that combine to form the TCR complex. CD3ε is expressed on T lymphocytes, NK-T cells, and to varying degrees on developing thymocytes. CD3 plays roles in TCR signaling, T lymphocyte activation, and antigen recognition. The 145-2C11 antibody has been shown to induce T lymphocyte activation, proliferation, and apoptosis via binding and stimulating the TCR. Additionally, the 145-2C11 antibody has been reported to block the binding of the 17A2 antibody to CD3ε+ T lymphocytes.

The 53-6.7 monoclonal antibody reacts with mouse CD8α. The CD8 antigen is a transmembrane glycoprotein that acts as a co-receptor for the T cell receptor (TCR). Like the TCR, CD8 binds to class I MHC molecules displayed by antigen presenting cells (APC). CD8 is primarily expressed on the surface of cytotoxic T cells, but can also be found on thymocytes, natural killer cells, and some dendritic cell subsets. CD8 most commonly exists as a heterodimer composed of one CD8α and one CD8β chain however, it can also exist as a homodimer composed of two CD8α chains. Both the CD8α and CD8β chains share significant homology to immunoglobulin variable light chains. The molecular weight of each CD8 chain is approximately 34 kDa. The 53-6.7 antibody exhibits depleting activity when used in vivo.

The MR-1 monoclonal antibody reacts with mouse CD154 also known as CD40 ligand. CD154 exists as a 39 kDa accessory molecule and belongs to the TNF superfamily of cytokines. CD154 is primarily expressed on the surface of activated CD4+ T lymphocytes but can also be expressed by platelets, mast cells, macrophages, basophils, NK cells, B lymphocytes, CD8+ T lymphocytes as well as non-hematopoietic cells including smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, and epithelial cells. CD154 signals through CD40 and is thought to play a key role in T and B lymphocyte costimulation. The MR-1 monoclonal antibody has been reported to inhibit in vitro activation of B lymphocytes by blocking the binding of CD154 with CD40 on T helper cells as well as inhibit the formation of germinal centers and disrupt antigen-specific T cell responses. Additionally, the MR-1 antibody blocks interactions of T cells and antigen-presenting cells in vitro and blocks the development of experimental autoimmune disease in vivo.

The 2.43 monoclonal antibody reacts with mouse CD8α. The CD8 antigen is a transmembrane glycoprotein that acts as a co-receptor for the T cell receptor (TCR). Like the TCR, CD8 binds to class I MHC molecules displayed by antigen presenting cells (APC). CD8 is primarily expressed on the surface of cytotoxic T cells, but can also be found on thymocytes, natural killer cells, and some dendritic cell subsets. CD8 most commonly exists as a heterodimer composed of one CD8α and one CD8β chain however, it can also exist as a homodimer composed of two CD8α chains. Both the CD8α and CD8β chains share significant homology to immunoglobulin variable light chains. The molecular weight of each CD8 chain is approximately 34 kDa. The 2.43 antibody exhibits depleting activity when used in vivo.

The YTS 169.4 monoclonal antibody reacts with mouse CD8α. The CD8 antigen is a transmembrane glycoprotein that acts as a co-receptor for the T cell receptor (TCR). Like the TCR, CD8 binds to class I MHC molecules displayed by antigen presenting cells (APC). CD8 is primarily expressed on the surface of cytotoxic T cells, but can also be found on thymocytes, natural killer cells, and some dendritic cell subsets. CD8 most commonly exists as a heterodimer composed of one CD8α and one CD8β chain however, it can also exist as a homodimer composed of two CD8α chains. Both the CD8α and CD8β chains share significant homology to immunoglobulin variable light chains. The molecular weight of each CD8 chain is approximately 34 kDa. The YTS 169.4 antibody exhibits depleting activity when used in vivo.

The GK1.5 monoclonal antibody reacts with the mouse CD4. The CD4 antigen is a 55 kDa cell surface type I membrane glycoprotein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. CD4 acts as a co-receptor which in cooperation with the T cell receptor (TCR) interacts with class II MHC molecules displayed by antigen presenting cells (APC). CD4 is expressed by the majority of thymocytes, most helper T cells, a subset of NK-T cells and weakly by dendritic cells and macrophages. CD4 plays an important role in the development of T cells and is required for mature T cells to function optimally. The GK1.5 antibody has been shown to compete with clones YTS 177 and YTS 191 for CD4 binding.